Number Of Communication Nodes Research Articles

Digital Signal Processing Oriented Electronic Communication Engineering Applications and Practices

This paper first describes the applications of digital signal processors in software radio, speech compression coding, modems and GPS systems, demonstrating the versatility of digital signal processors in practical communication systems. Next, digital signal processing oriented electronic communication practices are presented in the system design section to design high performance communication systems for specific communication needs and environmental conditions. The digital signal processing platform used in the platform architecture is optimized for signal processing and data transmission. The BER is 0.008% when the signal-to-noise ratio is -10 dB. The time complexity of digital signal processing is 7.2 ms when the number of communication nodes is 1000. It shows that digital signal processing oriented electronic communication engineering is important for improving the performance, reliability and efficiency of communication systems.

Effect of Remote Cardiac Monitoring System Design on Response Time to Critical Arrhythmias.

In many hospitals across the country, electrocardiograms of multiple at-risk patients are monitored remotely by telemetry monitor watchers in a central location. However, there is limited evidence regarding best practices for designing these cardiac monitoring systems to ensure prompt detection and response to life-threatening events. To identify factors that may affect monitoring efficiency, we simulated critical arrhythmias in inpatient units with different monitoring systems and compared their efficiency in communicating the arrhythmias to a first responder. This was a multicenter cross-sectional in situ simulation study. Simulation participants were monitor watchers and first responders (usually nurses) in 2 inpatient units in each of 3 hospitals. Manipulated variables included: (1) number of communication nodes between monitor watchers and first responders; (2) central monitoring station location-on or off the patient care unit; (3) monitor watchers' workload; (4) nurses' workload; and (5) participants' experience. We performed 62 arrhythmia simulations to measure response times of monitor watchers and 128 arrhythmia simulations to measure response times in patient care units. We found that systems in which an intermediary between monitor watchers and nurses communicated critical events had faster response times to simulated arrhythmias than systems in which monitor watchers communicated directly with nurses. Responses were also faster in units colocated with central monitoring stations than in those located remotely. As the perceived workload of nurses increased, response latency also increased. Experience did not affect response times. Although limited in our ability to isolate the effects of these factors from extraneous factors on central monitoring system efficiency, our study provides a roadmap for using in situ arrhythmia simulations to assess and improve monitoring performance.

Research on the Optimization Model of Blockchain Hierarchical Proxy

In the decentralized blockchain, each node stores the same data copy that costs a lot of repeated storage space to store valuable information. It makes storage efficiency insufficient. Meanwhile, each node needs to exchange the huge messages to create and verify the block. With rapid increasing in the number of communication nodes and communication frequency, it has caused a large network load. In order to further improve the storage efficiency and decrease the network load, a hierarchical proxy model is proposed. Firstly, designing a hierarchical proxy model which accurately divides normal nodes and proxy node groups, and it performs directional division of tasks for different nodes. Secondly, in a small-scale management cluster composed of proxy nodes, cluster failure priority classification can effectively deal with the failure of proxy nodes. Through the hierarchical storage mode, the block header and body data are separated, and it uses global or local method to store. The hierarchical operation mode makes use of idle resources to make transaction verification and block creation run in parallel. On this basis, the proxy model adopts delay correction strategy and concentrated multiple correction strategy to further reduce the communication loss. Through malicious node blacklist, the node with malicious behavior is added to the blacklist, and it prevents the node from further making evil. Finally, the simulation experiments show that the hierarchical proxy model effectively resists malicious behaviors, reduces network load and has great advantages in terms of data storage efficiency.

A Security Refreshing Algorithm of Dynamic Node based on Fast Group-Blind Signature

In the contemporary society, electronic payment becomes a part of people’s life. It can make people’s life more convenient and faster. At the same time, security’s problem and efficiency’s problem in the electronic payment arouse the attention of many researchers. In this paper, we study group-blind signature algorithms in digital signature technology. We take LR98 group-blind signature algorithm as the research object and analyze its problems. The algorithm put the fixed value l as security parameter, which results in the low efficiency of algorithm. In this paper, new security parameters are adopted, and take blind signature method of Boldyreva into consideration, a new group-blind method is proposed, CL-LR98. New method is applied to wireless communication network (WSN). A number of communication nodes (AP) and user terminal (UE) are built, which is used as the experimental environment. New group-blind signature method is applied to dynamic refreshing of WSN nodes, which includes anonymous communication, data transmission. In the process of experiments, new group-blind method has excellent characteristics, it has short signature character length, it can be simply realized and it has better encryption performance. In the node joining part and revocation part of communication process, these excellent characteristics make computation small, make node refresh efficiency high, and it will not cause frequent movement of other communication nodes.

Simultaneous Input and State Estimation for Integrated Motor-Transmission Systems in a Controller Area Network Environment via an Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter

As the requirements on powertrain efficiency of electric vehicles (EVs) are increasing, integrated motor-transmission (IMT) powertrain systems for EVs are becoming a promising solution. For the integration of IMT powertrain systems, the system state information and the actuator status are usually required for the closed-loop controller design or the on-board fault diagnosis. Embracing the demands, an observer for simultaneous estimation of input and system state of an IMT powertrain system is studied in this paper. It is well-known that controller area network (CAN) has been dominant in the vehicle network, which is used to communicate among controllers, sensors, and actuators. However, the CAN bus always induces time-varying delays when there are a number of communication nodes on the bus. The CAN-bus induced delay would result in vibrations in the vehicle powertrain or even deterioration of the entire closed-loop system. To deal with the CAN-bus induced delay in the estimation work for IMT powertrain systems, the potential random delays are considered in a three-state nonlinear model which represents the behavior of an IMT system. To estimate the input and state simultaneously, an adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) is adopted. As we know, the adopted AUKF has the benefits of dealing with system nonlinearities and calculating the noise covariance matrix automatically. Simulations and comparisons are carried out. We can see from the results that the proposed observer estimates the input and system state well. Moreover, the resulting estimation error is smaller comparing with the estimation error of the observer based on extended Kalman filter algorithm.

IEEE Access Special Section Editorial: Information Centric Wireless Networking With Edge Computing for 5G and IoT

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Fifth Generation (5G) high-speed communication networks are expected not only to make it necessary to rapidly increase the number of communication nodes and generate large amounts of data but also to change the nature of the network to a more dynamic environment. However, the present network structure and the operation methods have various problems that need to be solved in order to cope with the aforementioned changes. Some issues, for example, are Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)-based and end-to-end-based centralized and rigid network structure, the lack and allocation difficulties of IP addresses, increasing network traffic forwarding massive data to the cloud at remote locations for high-capacity data processing, as well as increasing delays in receiving effective analytic results from the remote cloud server.

Interconnection Networks in Petascale Computer Systems

This article provides background information about interconnection networks, an analysis of previous developments, and an overview of the state of the art. The main contribution of this article is to highlight the importance of the interpolation and extrapolation of technological changes and physical constraints in order to predict the optimum future interconnection network. The technological changes are related to three of the most important attributes of interconnection networks: topology, routing, and flow-control algorithms. On the other hand, the physical constraints, that is, port counts, number of communication nodes, and communication speed, determine the realistic properties of the network. We present the state-of-the-art technology for the most commonly used interconnection networks and some background related to often-used network topologies. The interconnection networks of the best-performing petascale parallel computers from past and present Top500 lists are analyzed. The lessons learned from this analysis indicate that computer networks need better performance in future exascale computers. Such an approach leads to the conclusion that a high-radix topology with optical connections for longer links is set to become the optimum interconnect for a number of relevant application domains.

The Optimal Coverage and its Features of the Communication Nodes in Ad Hoc Network

In Ad Hoc network, the randomness of the node’s location makes the network topology highly dynamic change, so it brings great challenges to design and realize the routing algorithm. In this paper, by using the geometry and optimization method to analyze the coverage formed by two and three intersected communication nodes in the Ad Hoc network, we get some important changing relationships about the factors of the node’s distance d and the communication radius r and the coverage area s, and briefly analyze the least number of the communication channels that the other nodes can obtain in the network, and specially discuss the situations of the optimal complete-coverage and its Features. Finally, according to the conclusions, we construct an optimal complete-coverage for a given communication area, and give its logical structure and corresponding formulas calculating the least number of communication nodes. For the researches, it has important significance to design the more efficient routing algorithm and analyze network survivability, and so on.

On the Use of Wireless Technologies for Shipboard Monitoring Systems

Current shipboard monitoring systems use extensive lengths of cables to connect sensors to control units. Replacing wired connections by wireless ones may be an efficient solution to reduce the ship weight and cost. Ships are characterized by a specific metallic environment which can severely decrease the efficiency of wireless networks due to signal attenuation and multipath effects. In this paper, we present a feasibility study of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) using ubiquitous technologies on board vessels. A measurement campaign has been conducted on board a ferry to investigate the radio propagation challenges of wireless communications in this particular environment. Path loss models have been obtained for typical shipboard environments. Engineering rules concerning the placement and the number of communication nodes needed to cover the decks and maintain the network connectivity have been determined. Based on these results, an IEEE 802.15.4 compliant WSN has been tested on board the same ferry. Sensor nodes have been placed on the four decks of the ferry and the base station has been placed in the control room located in the bottom deck. Results show an excellent performance with respect to transmission ratio of sensor nodes and a significant connectivity between nodes located in different compartments and decks separated by metallic watertight doors.

Research on Evolution and Synchronization of Space Information Support Power Networks

The evolution and synchronization of the space information support network was discussed based on the theories of Networks Science. A network model of the architecture was established and the characteristic parameters of this model and the synchronization foundation were studied. The effect of the initial link mechanism, the number of communication nodes, other information support nodes and the total nodes on the evolution and synchronization of this network were analyzed. Simulation results show that the models and the method are erective and scientific．The research can be some reference value to the further study of related problems.